类器官常用小分子及应用文献汇总
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小分子(small molecules)是指分子量小于1000道尔顿(尤其小于400道尔顿)，并具有生物学功能的化合物。此类化合物与细胞因子和蛋白不同，其可直接穿过细胞膜进入细胞，进而发挥相应的功能，适用于各种属的细胞。小分子化合物的作用靶点众多，已广泛应用于干细胞，类器官，免疫学，神经生物学，表观遗传学，细胞凋亡，离子通道，肿瘤学和信号转导等生命科学中诸多重要的研究领域。
——类器官培养中常用的小分子： |
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❶ Gastrin I: 胃泌素是胃肠道一种非常重要的多肽类激素，主要由 G 细胞分泌。肠道及肝脏类器官培养时，需要添加胃泌素来延长类器官的存活时间。
❷ A83-01: Activin/NODAL/TGF-beta 通路抑制剂，其抑制 ALK5，ALK4 和 ALK7等激酶。一般用于肝脏、前列腺以及乳腺类器官的培养。
❸ Y27632: 是Rho相关丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶 (ROCK) 家族的小分子特异性抑制剂，可以阻止干细胞的凋亡，一般在种板培养的第一次加入，后续换液培养不必添加该小分子。
❹ SB202190: 是一种高效的 p38 MAPK 抑制剂，靶向作用于 p38α/β。可用于胃肠道、乳腺类器官的培养。
❺ Nicotinamide: 是一种B3维生素，是NAD 和 NADP的活性成分，在细胞生理学中发挥重要作用，可用于胃肠道、肝脏以及乳腺类器官的培养。
❻ Forskolin: 可以激活腺苷环化酶，常用于提高细胞内 cAMP 的水平。Forskolin 诱导多种类型细胞的分化并激活孕烷X受体 (PXR) 和法尼醇X受体(FXR)，可对心脏产生正性肌力作用，并具有血小板抗凝集和降压作用。据报道，它与其他小分子联合使用，可诱导成纤维细胞重编程为诱导多能性干细胞，在肝脏类器官培养的时候必须要添加。
❼ Prostaglandin E2: 前列腺素 E2，PGE2。PGE2调节许多生理系统，包括消化系统和免疫系统等。它与特异的受体结合后可介导细胞增殖、分化，在肝脏类器官和前列腺类器官培养时需要添加。
❽ CHIR99021: CHIR99021是糖原合成酶激酶3β抑制剂，可诱导人胚胎干细胞向内胚层分化，在肾脏以及视网膜类器官培养时需要。
❾ N-acetyl-L-Cysteine: N-乙酰半胱氨酸，它是一种 ROS 抑制剂，具有抗氧化作用，在大多数类器官的培养过程中需要添加。
——类器官培养中常用的小分子列表： |
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| BioGems小分子产品部分参考文献：
1. Acidic Microenvironment Regulates the Severity of Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Modulating the Generation and Function of Tregs via the PI3K X Gan, R Zhang, J Gu, Z Ju, X Wu, Q Wang… - Frontiers in …, 2020 PMID:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31998287/ …cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(50 ng/ml, Biogems), ionomycin calcium salt (1 μg/ml, Biogems), and brefeldin A (5 μg/ml, Biogems)… 2. In vivo preclinical evaluation of the new 68Ga-labeled beta-cyclodextrin in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) positive tumor model using positron emission tomography G Trencsényi, A Kis, JP Szabó, Á Ráti, K Csige… - International Journal of …, 2020 PMID:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31935470/ …Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; Cat.No.: 3632464) was purchased from Biogems Int. USA… 3. Aligned human cardiac syncytium for in vitro analysis of electrical, structural, and mechanical readouts BN Napiwocki , D Lang , A Stempien… - Biotechnology and …, 2020 PMID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32990953/ …12µM of the GSK inhibitor CHIR99021 ( Biogems ) … 4. In vitro expansion of pancreatic islet clusters facilitated by hormones and chemicals L Jing-Yu, J Cheng, D Ya-Qin, W Pan, Z Zhang… - Cell …, 2020 PMID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32284878/ …3 µM CHIR-99021 ( BioGems )… 5. Decreased Foxp3 and function of Tregs caused immune imbalance and liver injury in patients with autoimmune liver diseases post-liver transplantation Z Liu, J Gu, Z Qin, C Yang, S Yu, X Dai… - Annals of Translational …, 2020 PMID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32411757/ … For intracellular staining of cytokines, cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(50 ng/mL, Biogems ), ionomycin calcium salt (1 µg/mL, Biogems ), and brefeldin A (5 µg/mL,Biogems ) for 6 h… 6. An epilepsy‐associated ACTL6B variant captures neuronal hyperexcitability in a human induced pluripotent stem cell model LY Ahn, GC Coatti, J Liu, E Gumus … - Journal of …, 2020 PMID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33141462/ …and 10 µM SB431542 ( Biogems ).…… 7. 25 (OH) D3 alleviate liver NK cytotoxicity in acute but not in chronic fibrosis model of BALB/c mice due to modulations in vitamin D receptorA Salhab , J Amer , L Yinying, R Safadi - BMC gastroenterology, 2020 PMID: 8. Prohibitin 1 interacts with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in T-helper 17 cells J Zhang, Z Sun, Q Wu, J Shen - Immunology Letters, 2020 PMID: ( Biogems ), and 10 μg/ml brefeldin … 9. Single‐Cell Transcriptomics of Engineered Cardiac Tissues From Patient‐Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes Reveals Abnormal YY Lam, W Keung , CH Chan, L Geng… - Journal of the …, 2020 PMID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059525/ …and 10 μmol/L Y‐27632( BioGems , Westlake, Village … 10. Implication of IL-17 producing ɑβT and γδT cells in patients with ovarian cancer X Chen, X Zhang, R Xu, W Shang, W Ming, F Wang… - Human Immunology, 2020 PMID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32093885/ …phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(50 ng/ml), ionomycin(1 μg/ml), and brefeldin A (1 μg/ml) (all from Biogems , Rocky Hill, NJ, USA) … 11. In vivo preclinical evaluation of the new 68Ga-labeled beta-cyclodextrin in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) positive tumor model using positron emission tomographyG Trencsényi , A Kis , JP Szabó, Á Ráti, K Csige… - International Journal of …, 2020 PMID: 12. LINE-1 DNA methylation in response to aging and vitamin D L Ong , S Schibeci, N Fewings , D Booth , G Parnell - bioRxiv, 2020 …Calcitriol(1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3; BioGems) was added at a physiological concentration of 0.1nM… 13. Eosinophil cytolysis on Immunoglobulin G is associated with microtubule formation and suppression of rho‐associated protein kinase signaling S Esnault , JP Leet, MW Johansson… - Clinical & …, 2020 PMID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31750580/ … LY294002 (10µM; BioGems , Westlake Village, CA, USA)… 14. miR-155 antagomir protect against DSS-induced colitis in mice through regulating Th17/Treg cell balance by Jarid2/Wnt/β-catenin F Zhu, H Li, Y Liu, C Tan, X Liu, H Fan, H Wu… - Biomedicine & …, 2020 PMID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32135463/ …ionomycin, phorbolmyristate acetate ( BioGems , New Jersey, USA)… 15. Inherent mitochondrial activity influences specification of the germ line in pluripotent stem cells AM Bothun , DC Woods - Heliyon, 2020 PMID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32258510/ …supplemented with 400nM PD0325901 ( BioGems Int)… 16. Peptide-Based Scaffolds for the Culture and Transplantation of Human Dopaminergic Neurons NL Francis, N Zhao, HR Calvelli, A Saini… - … Engineering Part A, 2019 PMID:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31537172/ …supplemented with 10 μM EC-23 (1044131; Biogems) and 10 μM Y-27632(1293823; Biogems)；DOPA2 medium(base medium supplemented with 0.5 μM SAG [9128694; Biogems ])… 17. Human iPSC-derived astrocytes from ALS patients with mutated C9ORF72 show increased oxidative stress and neurotoxicityA Birger, I Ben-Dor, M Ottolenghi, T Turetsky, Y Gil… - EBioMedicine, 2019 PMID: 18. Elevated TIM3 expression of T helper cells affects immune system in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome R Fu, L Li, J Hu, Y Wang, J Tao, H Liu, Z Liu… - Journal of Investigative …, 2019 PMID: 19 Prohibitin 1 interacts with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in T-helper 17 cells J Zhang, Z Sun, Q Wu, J Shen - Immunology Letters, 2020 PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31899195/ …phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA, Biogems),1 μg/mL ionomycin(Biogems) … 20. FMR1 Reactivating Treatments in Fragile X iPSC-Derived Neural Progenitors In Vitro and In Vivo D Vershkov, N Fainstein, S Suissa, T Golan-Lev… - Cell reports, 2019 PMID:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30840878/ …SB431542, Biogems, Cat# 3014193. LDN-193189, Biogems, Cat#1066208… 21. Eosinophil cytolysis on Immunoglobulin G is associated with microtubule formation and suppression of rho‐associated protein kinase signalling S Esnault, JP Leet, MW Johansson… - Clinical & …, 2019 PMID:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31750580/ …LY294002 (10µM; BioGems, Westlake Village, CA, USA) … 22. HIF1α-Dependent Metabolic Signals Control the Differentiation of Follicular Helper T CellsL Dong, Y He, S Zhou, Y Cao, Y Li, Y Bi, G Liu - Cells, 2019 PMID: 23. Size-dependent cortical compaction induces metabolic adaptation in mesenchymal stem cell aggregates BM Bijonowski, SI Daraiseh, X Yuan… - Tissue Engineering Part …, 2019 PMID:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30187829/ …Y27632 dichloride and Gleevec(Imatinib Mesylate) (Biogems, Westlake Village, CA)… 24. Generation of a PDX1–EGFP reporter human induced pluripotent stem cell line, KSCBi005-A-3, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system Y Lee, HY Choi, A Kwon, H Park, MH Park, JW Kim… - Stem cell …, 2019 PMID:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683099/ …and 10 μM Alk5 inhibitor (BioGems) for 5 days during… 25. The imbalance between regulatory and memory B cells accompanied by an increased number of circulating T-follicular helper cells in MOG–antibody-associatedX Li, L Wang, L Zhou, J ZhangBao, MZ Miao… - Multiple sclerosis and …, 2019 PMID: 26. Adoptive transfer of DMSO-induced regulatory T cells exhibits a similar preventive effect compared to an in vivo DMSO treatment for chemical-induced experimental Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis in Mice GJ Lin, CH Wu, CC Yu, JR Lin, XD Liu, YW Chen… - Toxicology and applied …, 2019 PMID:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31254568 …Rapamycin (BioGems, Westlake Village, CA USA) … 27. Immune effects of glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway in protecting against bacterial infection Y Li, A Jia, Y Wang, L Dong, Y Wang… - Journal of cellular …, 2019 PMID:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30972784/ …Phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA; Sigma‐Aldrich) with ionomycin (Peprotech‐Biogems,NJ) … 28. Size-dependent Cortical Compaction Induces Metabolic Adaptation in Mesenchymal Stem Cell AggregatesBM Bijonowski, SI Daraiseh, X Yuan, T Ma - Tissue Engineering, 2018 PMID: 29. Oxymatrine Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1)-Induced Cardiac Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transformation (FMT) by Mediating the Notch … L Zhao, Y Xu, L Tao, Y Yang, X Shen… - … medical journal of …, 2018 PMID: 30. A microfluidic platform to study the effects of GDNF on neuronal axon entrapment ZZ Wang, MD Wood, SE Mackinnon… - Journal of neuroscience …, 2018 PMID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30081039/ …Then the plate was supplemented with 2 μM forskolin (BioGems, CA,USA) … 31. Effect of erythropoietin production induced by hypoxia on autophagy in HepG2 cellsK Nishimura, K Goto, H Nakagawa - Biochemical and biophysical research …, 2018 PMID: 32. An integrated biomanufacturing platform for the large-scale expansion and neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells G Srinivasan, D Morgan, D Varun, N Brookhouser… - Acta biomaterialia, 2018 PMID: 33. ALS-related human cortical and motor neurons survival is differentially affected by Sema3A A Birger, M Ottolenghi, L Perez, B Reubinoff… - Cell death & …, 2018 PMID: 34. Generation and characterization of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines from an Alzheimer's disease (ASUi003-A) and non-demented control … N Brookhouser, P Zhang, R Caselli … - Stem cell …, 2017 PMID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29246571/ … hiPSCs were passaged every 4–5 days with Accutase (Thermo Fisher)and 5 μM Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632; Biogems)… 35. Macrophage inflammatory Protein-2 in high mobility group box 1 secretion of macrophage cells exposed to Lipopolysaccharide Q Chaochao, G Lou, Y Yang, Y Liu, Y Hu… - Cellular Physiology and …, 2017 PMID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28662496/ … MAPK inhibitors SP600125, PD98059, and SB203580 and the PI3K/Akts inhibitor LY294002 were obtained from BioGems… |
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