关于阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease, AD),人们或许会联想到影视作品中上演的各种感人情节,但现实比艺术要残忍得多,其中酸楚,我们从热议话题#他们会忘记爱也会忘记你#可以窥见一二。
当前,阿尔茨海默症获批的部分药物并无缓解疾病进程的作用。上一期「神经疾病研究」系列文章中提到,研究人员通过构建一系列AD动物模型,包括衰老类小鼠、Aβ诱导AD模型以及基因编辑等,用以模拟已知的病理特征进而了解其发病机制,点此回顾。今天我们针对基因编辑展开,一起盘点几类重要的AD大小鼠模型:
另外,为正在从事神经疾病相关研究的你
AD小鼠基因编辑模型
在现阶段研究中,所使用到的AD小鼠基因编辑模型主要是将人类AD相关基因通过转基因的手段转入小鼠基因组中。目前相关文献中使用频率较高的小鼠模型依次是APP/PS1、Tg2576、3xTg-AD、5xFAD[1]。
该小鼠大约4月龄时可在皮质中观察到淀粉样斑块,6月龄可在海马体中观察到淀粉样斑块[2],淀粉样斑块沉积存在脑区差异,皮质中的斑块密度高于海马体和杏仁核中的斑块密度[3];Morris水迷宫中检测出认知缺陷在6到10个月间出现,并随着年龄增长而恶化[4]
Tg2576模型
App NL-G-F大鼠模型病理特征的时间分布[14]
神经疾病小鼠模型推荐
不仅仅是阿尔茨海默症,包括亨廷顿症、渐冻症等神经退行性疾病的疗法开发都依旧乏善可陈。针对此类神经疾病,赛业生物开发了一系列基因编辑小鼠模型,同时针对研究人员的需求,也可定制或合作开发基因编辑小鼠模型,如基因敲除、基因敲入、点突变、人源化小鼠模型及大小鼠手术疾病模型,加速神经药效学验证实验的开展。
参考文献
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[5]https://www.jax.org/strain/005864
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